Sebaceous glands are present in human skin that produces an oily liquid known as “sebum”. This liquid is responsible for carrying the dead skin cells to the skin surface through a canal known as “follicle” – which is a sac from which a hair grows and into which the sebaceous (oil) glands open. Sometimes, the follicle opening is blocked due to plugging of dead skin cells, thin hair and sebum and that causes pimples (acne). The bacteria Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) living on the skin, contributes to the infection.

Pimples can occur in any form including whiteheads (under the skin-closed pores plugged with debris and oil), blackheads (on the skin surface-open pores plugged with debris and oil), papules (red, tender bumps), pustules (lesions having pus discharge at the tip), nodules (painful hard lumps under the skin) or cysts (pus-filled lesions under the skin). Acne is more common in teenage; however, any age person can be affected. Literature revealed the most vulnerable age range is 11-30 years.

The main cause of acne is still unknown; however, dermatologists believe that increased androgen hormone levels during adolescence increase the growth of sebaceous glands and ultimately the production of sebum. Other possible factors include family history, certain medication, wearing frequent greasy/oily makeup, stress and hormonal changes during menstruation or pregnancy. Patients who are vulnerable to these triggering factors should avoid stress, pollution, wearing makeup, tight collared shirts, helmets and unnecessary medication. Scrubbing face or Squeezing/ popping the pimples can worsen the condition even more.

Which treatment strategy should be followed depends on the severity and persistency of the acne. Mild acne can be treated with over the counter medicines, gels or creams applied topically or swallowed. Mild to moderate cases can be treated with stronger medications; however, severe cases need certain protocol management by dermatologists. Corticosteroid therapy, oral antibiotics, topical antimicrobials, oral contraceptives or oral retinoids are some of the treatment modalities for severe cases.

At RAO DERMATOLOGY, we have dealt with all types of skin acne with promising results and satisfied patients. Our derma experts have the solution for your skin problems as well. Book appointment now…